All-In-Two Southeast Asia Fish Species - Page 1
Species Group: Redfishes, Basses, Congers, etc (ISSCAAP 33)
Common Name: John’s Snapper, Golden Snapper
Scientific Name: Lutjanus johnii (Bloch, 1792)
Mandarin Name: 紅鰽(Hóng qiú), 红皂 (Hóng zào), 红潮 (Hóng cháo)
Local Malay Name: Ikan Jenahak, Ungah
Local Hokkien: Ang Zho
Local Teochew: Ang Zhor
Local Cantonese: Hong Lap
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Common Name: Russel’s Snapper
Scientific Name: Lutjanus russelli (Bleeker, 1849)
Mandarin Name: 紅鰽痣(Hóng qiú zhì), 红皂记 (Hóng zào jì)
Local Malay Name: Ikan Tanda
Local Hokkien: Ang Zho Kee, Orr Tiam
Local Teochew: Ang Zhor Kee
Common Name: Mangrove Jack, Mangrove Red Snapper
Scientific Name: Lutjanus argentimaculatus (Forsskål, 1775)
Mandarin Name: 赤鰽 (Chì qiú), 红家定 (Hóng jiā dìng)
Local Malay Name: Ikan Merah, Kakap Merah, Siakap Merah
Local Hokkien: Ciak Zho
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Common Name: Malabar Blood Snapper
Scientific Name: Lutjanus malabaricus (Bloch & Schneider, 1801)
Mandarin Name: 红鱼 (Hóng yú)
Local Malay Name: Ikan Merah Tanda Hitam, Merah, Merah Mata Hitam
Common Name: Crimson Snapper
Scientific Name: Lutjanus erythropterus Bloch, 1790
Mandarin Name: 红鸡 (Hóng jī)
Local Malay Name: Ikan Merah, Merah Pucat
Local Hokkien/Teochew: Ang Koi
Common Name: Humpback Red Snapper, Paddletail
Scientific Name: Lutjanus gibbus (Forsskål, 1775)
Mandarin Name: 红鸡 (Hóng jī), 紅魚 (Hóng yú)
Local Malay Name: Ikan Merah, Jenahak, Merah Barahan
Common Name: Emperor Red Snapper
Scientific Name: Lutjanus sebae (Cuvier, 1816)
Mandarin Name: 红狮 (Hóng shī), 红狮鱼 (Hóng shī yú), 紅魚 (Hóng yú), 关刀红 (Guān dāo hóng), 红三刀 (Hóng sān dāo)
Local Malay Name: Ikan Merah Coreng, Merah Boring
Local Hokkien/Teochew: Ang Sai
Remarks: Red stripes will disappear in adult.
Common Name: Yellow Streaked Snapper, Dark-tailed Sea Perch
Scientific Name: Lutjanus lemniscatus (Valenciennes, 1828)
Local Malay Name: Ikan Merah, Kunyit, Jenahak Jalur Kuning
Common Name: Spanish Flag Snapper
Scientific Name: Lutjanus carponotatus (Richardson, 1842)
Mandarin Name: 赤笔仔 (Chì bǐ zǐ)
Local Malay Name: Ikan Timun
Local Hokkien: Tee Boon
Common Name: Blackspot Snapper
Scientific Name: Lutjanus ehrenbergii (Peters, 1869)
Mandarin Name: 火点 (Huǒ diǎn)
Local Malay Name: Ikan Timun Tanda
Common Name: Bigeye Snapper
Scientific Name: Lutjanus lutjanus Bloch, 1790
Mandarin Name: 黄笛鲷 (Huáng dí diāo)
Local Malay Name: Ikan Kunyit, Remong
Local Hokkien: Kee Hu
Common Name: Yellowfin Snapper
Scientific Name: Lutjanus xanthopinnis Iwatsuki, Tanaka & Allen, 2015
Local Malay Name: Ikan Kunyit, Remong
Local Hokkien: Kee Hu
Common Name: Brownstripe Snapper
Scientific Name: Lutjanus vitta (Quoy & Gaimard, 1824)
Local Malay Name: Ikan Kunyit, Remong, Kunyit Remong
Local Hokkien: Kee Hu
Common Name: Ruby Snapper, Deep-water Red Snapper, Short-tailed Red Snapper
Scientific Name: Etelis carbunculus Cuvier, 1828
Local Malay Name: Kerisi Bali, Kerisi Basi, Kerisi-basi Delima
Local Hokkien: Ka Lak
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Common Name: Goldbanded Jobfish, Day's Jobfish
Scientific Name: Pristipomoides multidens (Day, 1871)
Local Malay Name: Kerisi Bali, Ibu Kerisi
Local Hokkien: Peh La, Ka Lak, Anggoli
Common Name: Crimson Snapper, Opakapaka, Crimson Jobfish, Rosy Jobfish
Scientific Name: Pristipomoides filamentosus (Valenciennes, 1830)
Local Malay Name: Kerisi Batu, Ibu Kerisi, Kerisi Bali Filamen
Local Hokkien: Ka Lak
Common Name: Cinnabar Goatfish
Scientific Name: Parupeneus heptacanthus (Lacepède, 1802)
Local Malay Name: Biji Nangka Tanda Merah
Common Name: Chocolate Hind, Brown-barred Grouper
Scientific Name: Cephalopholis boenak (Bloch, 1790)
Mandarin Name: 石斑魚 (Shí bān yú), 印度石斑 (Yìndù shí bān)
Local Malay Name: Kerapu Tenggarong, Kerapu Belang Perang
Common Name: Bluespotted Hind
Scientific Name: Cephalopholis cyanostigma (Valenciennes, 1828)
Mandarin Name: 石斑魚 (Shí bān yú)
Local Malay Name: Kerapu Bintik Biru, Kerapu Karang
Remarks: These groupers were caught in Pulau Tinggi
Common Name: Bluelined Grouper, Bluelined Hind, Bluelined Rockcod
Scientific Name: Cephalopholis formosa (Shaw, 1812)
Mandarin Name: 石斑魚 (Shí bān yú), 蓝线石斑 (Lán xiàn shí bān)
Local Malay Name: Ikan Kerapu Garis Biru
Local Hokkien: Thee Swa Gau
Local Teochew: Gao Hu
Local Cantonese: Seck Pan
Common Name: Barred Soapfish
Scientific Name: Diploprion bifasciatum Cuvier, 1828
Mandarin Name: 肥皂鱼 (Féizào yú)
Local Malay Name: Kerapu Sebekah, Sebekah Laut
Common Name: Areolate Grouper
Scientific Name: Epinephelus areolatus (Forsskål, 1775)
Mandarin Name: 石斑魚 (Shí bān yú), 西星斑 (Xi xīng bān)
Local Malay Name: Kerapu Ekor Putih, Kerapu Bintik Bulat
Local Hokkien: Koay Gau
Local Teochew: Gao Hu
Local Cantonese: Seck Pan
Common Name: Duskytail Grouper
Scientific Name: Epinephelus bleekeri (Vaillant, 1878)
Mandarin Name: 石斑魚 (Shí bān yú), 红点油班 (Hóng diǎn yóu bān)
Local Malay Name: Ikan Kerapu Ekor Gelap
Local Hokkien: Koay Gau
Local Teochew: Gao Hu
Local Cantonese: Seck Pan
Common Name: Orange-spotted Grouper, Goldspotted Rockcod, Brownspotted Grouper, Estuary Cod.
Scientific Name: Epinephelus coioides (Hamilton, 1822)
Mandarin Name: 石斑魚 (Shí bān yú), 红点石斑 (Hóng diǎn shí bān)
Local Malay Name: Ikan Kerapu bintik jingga, Kerapu Pinang, Kerapu Balong, Kerapu Rintek, Kerapu Pakpanang
Local Hokkien: Chia Gau
Remarks: Looks almost like Dusky Tail Grouper. The difference is clear in the tail fin.
Common Name: Coral Grouper
Scientific Name: Epinephelus corallicola (Valenciennes, 1828)
Mandarin Name: 石斑魚 (Shí bān yú)
Local Malay Name: Ikan Kerapu Karang, Kerapu Pisang
Remarks: This grouper is caught in Pulau Tinggi
Common Name: Cloudy Grouper, Cloudy Rockcod,.Garoupa
Scientific Name: Epinephelus erythrurus (Valenciennes, 1828).
Mandarin Name: 石斑魚 (Shí bān yú), 石头斑 (Shítou bān)
Local Malay Name: Ikan Kerapu Tompok Awan, Kerapu Combat
Local Hokkien: Koay Gau
Local Teochew: Gao Hu
Local Cantonese: Seck Pan
Common Name: Rock Grouper, Red Banded Grouper
Scientific Name: Epinephelus fasciatomaculosus (Peters, 1865)
Mandarin Name: 石斑魚 (Shí bān yú), 青眼斑 (Qīng yǎn bān)
Local Malay Name: Ikan Kerapu Batu, Tongkah
Local Hokkien: Koay Gau, Gau Hu
Local Teochew: Gao Hu
Local Cantonese: Seck Pan
Common Name: Blacktip Grouper
Scientific Name: Epinephelus fasciatus (Forsskål, 1775)
Mandarin Name: 石斑魚 (Shí bān yú), 赤石斑鱼 (Chìshí bān yú)
Local Malay Name: Ikan Kerapu Sirip Hitam, Kerapu Merah
Remarks: This grouper was caught in Pulau Tinggi
Common Name: Giant Grouper, Brindlebass, Brown Spotted Cod, Bumblebee Grouper, Queensland Groper
Scientific Name: Epinephelus lanceolatus (Bloch, 1790)
Mandarin Name: 石斑魚 (Shí bān yú), 鞍帶石斑魚(Ān dài shí bān yú), 龙旦 (Lóng dàn)
Local Malay Name: Ikan Kertang, Kerapu Pertang
Local Cantonese: Long Tan
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Common Name: Longfin Grouper
Scientific Name: Epinephelus quoyanus (Valenciennes, 1830)
Mandarin Name: 石斑魚 (Shí bān yú), 蜜蜂斑 (Mìfēng bān)
Local Malay Name: Ikan Kerapu Cicak, Kerapu Tukul
Local Teochew: Gao Hu
Local Cantonese: Seck Pan
Common Name: Sixbar Grouper, Garoupa
Scientific Name: Epinephelus sexfasciatus (Valenciennes, 1828)
Mandarin Name: 石斑魚 (Shí bān yú), 糯米石斑 (Nuòmǐ shí bān)
Local Malay Name: Ikan Kerapu Bebeh
Local Hokkien: Koay Gau
Local Teochew: Gao Hu
Local Cantonese: Seck Pan
Common Name: Greasy Grouper, Garoupa
Scientific Name: Epinephelus tauvina (Forsskål, 1775)
Mandarin Name: 石斑魚 (Shí bān yú), Global - 鱸滑石斑魚(Lú huá shíbānyú)
Local Malay Name: Ikan Kerapu Hitam, Kerapu Bunga
Local Hokkien: Koay GauLocal Teochew: Gao Hu
Local Cantonese: Seck Pan
Common Name: Common Coral Trout, Leopard Trout, Leopard Coral Grouper
Scientific Name: Plectropomus leopardus (Lacepède, 1802)
Mandarin Name: 石斑魚 (Shí bān yú), 七星斑 (Qī xīng bān)
Local Malay Name: Kerapu Sunoh Bara, Kerapu Bintang
Local Hokkien: Ang Gau
Common Name: Barcheek Coral Trout, Spotted Coral Grouper
Scientific Name: Plectropomus maculatus (Bloch, 1790)
Mandarin Name: 石斑魚 (Shí bān yú), 东星斑 (Dōng xīng bān)
Local Malay Name: Ikan Kerapu sunoh pisang, Kerapu Bara
Local Hokkien: Chut Bee Gau, Ang Gau
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Common Name: White-edged Lyretail, White-edged Lunartail
Scientific Name: Variola albimarginata Baissac, 1953
Mandarin Name: 石斑魚 (Shí bān yú), 白缘星鲙 (Bái yuán xīng kuài)
Local Malay Name: Kerapu Sabit Putih
Common Name: Blackspot Tuskfish
Scientific Name: Choerodon schoenleinii (Valenciennes, 1839)
Mandarin Name: 青鹦哥 (Qīng yīng gē), 哨牙仔 (Shào yá zǐ), 青衣 (Qīngyī)
Local Malay Name: Ketarap Bintik Hitam, Bayan
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Common Name: Seagrass Tuskfish
Scientific Name: Choerodon oligacanthus (Bleeker, 1851)
Mandarin Name: 鹦哥 (Yīng gē)
Local Malay Name: Ikan Ketarap Tanda, Bayan
Common Name: Sling-jaw Wrasse
Scientific Name: Epibulus insidiator (Pallas, 1770)
Mandarin Name: 伸口鱼 (Shēn kǒu yú)
Local Malay Name: Ikan Bayan, Batu, Nuri Sumpit
Common Name: Bubblefin Wrasse, Diamond Wrasse
Scientific Name: Halichoeres nigrescens (Bloch & Schneider, 1801)
Mandarin Name: 鹦哥 (Yīng gē), 黑带海猪鱼 (Hēi dài hǎi zhū yú)
Local Malay Name: Ikan Bayan, Batu, Nuri Belodok
Common Name: Blackeye Thicklip
Scientific Name: Hemigymnus melapterus (Bloch, 1791)
Mandarin Name: 鹦哥 (Yīng gē), 黑鳍厚唇鱼 (Hēi qí hòu chún yú)
Local Malay Name: Ikan Ketarap Tanda, Bayan, Bibir-tebal Badan Gelap
Common Name: Rusty Parrotfish
Scientific Name: Scarus ferrugineus Forsskål, 1775
Mandarin Name: 鹦哥 (Yīng gē)
Local Malay Name: Ketarap, Bayan Karat
Common Name: Blue-barred parrotfish
Scientific Name: Scarus ghobban Forsskål, 1775
Mandarin Name: 鹦哥 (Yīng gē)
Local Malay Name: Ketarap, Bayan Belang Biru
Common Name: Rivulated parrotfish
Scientific Name: Scarus rivulatus Valenciennes, 1840
Mandarin Name: 鹦哥 (Yīng gē)
Local Malay Name: Ketarap, Bayan Coreng
Remarks: Below photo is a male Rivulated parrotfish
Common Name: Painted Sweetlips
Scientific Name: Diagramma pictum (Thunberg, 1792)
Mandarin Name: 马头卢 (Mǎ tóu lú), 尾油卿 (Wěi yóu qīng)
Local Malay Name: Ikan Kaci, Kaci Mandi Abu
Local Hokkien: Ka Chee
Common Name: Harry Hotlips, Brown Sweetlips
Scientific Name: Plectorhinchus gibbosus (Lacepède, 1802)
Local Malay Name: Ikan Kaci, Tebal Bibir, Kakap Batu, Kaci Kakap
Local Hokkien: Or Ka Chee
Common Name: Yellowbanded Sweetlips, Diagonal-banded Sweetlips, Blackstriped Sweetlips
Scientific Name: Plectorhinchus lineatus (Linnaeus, 1758)
Local Malay Name: Ikan Kaci, Kaci Rajabau
Local Hokkien: Ka Chee
Common Name: Broadbanded Velvetchin, Belted Barbeled Grunter
Scientific Name: Hapalogenys analis Richardson, 1845
Local Malay Name: Ikan Kaci Belang, Tebal Bibir
Common Name: Longhead Grunt, Longhead Grunter
Scientific Name: Pomadasys auritus (Cuvier, 1830)
Mandarin Name: 石鲈鱼 (Shí lú yú), 石炉鱼 (Shí lú yú), 金石鲈 (Jīn shí lú)
Local Malay Name: Gerut-gerut Emas,, Gegerut, Gerut-gerut, Tebal Pipi
Local Hokkien: Jiok Tau Lor
Common Name: Javelin Grunter, Javelin Grunt
Scientific Name: Pomadasys kaakan (Cuvier, 1830)
Mandarin Name: 石鲈鱼 (Shí lú yú), 石炉鱼 (Shí lú yú), 白鰽 (Bái qiú), 镖石鲈 (Biāo shí lú), 点石鲈 (Diǎn shí lú)
Local Malay Name: Gerut-gerut Ompakan, Gegerut, Celek Mata, Akuhut, Gorat-gorat
Local Hokkien: Gu Hud, Jiok Lor, Pek Cho
Local Teochew: Pek Cho
Common Name: Saddle Grunter, Saddle Grunt
Scientific Name: Pornadasys maculatus (Bloch, 1793)
Mandarin Name: 石鲈鱼 (Shí lú yú), 石炉鱼 (Shí lú yú), 白鰽 (Bái qiú), 大斑石鲈 (Dà bān shí lú)
Local Malay Name: Gerut-gerut Sebokah, Gegerut, Celek Mata, Akuhut, Gorat-gorat
Local Hokkien: Gu Hud, Jiok Lor, Pek Cho
Local Teochew: Pek Cho
Common Name: Red Patched Grunter
Scientific Name: Pomadasys unimaculatus Tian, 1982
Mandarin Name: 石鲈鱼 (Shí lú yú), 石炉鱼 (Shí lú yú), 白鰽 (Bái qiú), 单斑石鲈 (Dān bān shí lú)
Local Malay Name: Gerut-gerut Pelana, Gegerut,, Akuhut, Gorat-gorat
Local Hokkien: Gu Hud, Jiok Lor, Pek Cho
Local Teochew: Pek Cho
Common Name: Bay Sillago
Scientific Name: Sillago ingenuua McKay, 1985
Mandarin Name: 沙鮻 (Shā suō), 沙钻 (Shā zuàn)
Local Malay Name: Ikan Bulus-bulus, Bebulus, Seloncong, Puntung Damar Teluk
Local Hokkien: Sua Jui,, Sua Jiam
Local Teochew: Sua Jui
Local Cantonese: Sar Joi
Common Name: Yellowsnout Large-eye Bream
Scientific Name: Gymnocranius frenatus Bleeker, 1873
Local Malay Name: Kapas-kapas Laut, Mempasir Mutiara
Common Name: Pink Ear Emperors, Bridled Pigface bream
Scientific Name: Lethrinus lentjan (Lacepède, 1802)
Mandarin Name: 龙占 (Lóng zhàn), 乌帽龙占 (Wū mào lóng zhàn), 紅鰽痣 (Hóng qiú zhì)
Local Malay Name: Ikan Pelandok, Landuk, Mempinang, Ketambak, Asuh, Landok Calit Merah
Local Hokkien: Leng Jiam
Common Name: Ornate Emperor
Scientific Name: Lethrinus ornatus Valenciennes, 1830
Mandarin Name: 龙占 (Lóng zhàn), 黄带龙占 (Huáng dài lóng zhàn)
Local Malay Name: Ikan Pelandok, Landuk, Mempinang, Ketambak, Asuh, Landok Jalur Jingga
Common Name: Spangled Emperor
Scientific Name: Lethrinus nebulosus (Forsskål, 1775)
Mandarin Name: 龙占 (Lóng zhàn), 青嘴龙占 (Qīng zuǐ lóng zhàn)
Local Malay Name: Ikan Pelandok, Landuk, Mempinang, Ketambak, Asuh, Landok Sisik Bintik
Common Name: Slender Emperor, Variegated Emperor
Scientific Name: Lethrinus variegatus Valenciennes, 1830
Mandarin Name: 龙占 (Lóng zhàn), 杂色龙占 (Zá sè lóng zhàn), 杂色裸颊鲷 (Zá sè luǒ jiá diāo)
Local Malay Name: Ikan Pelandok, Landuk, Mempinang, Ketambak, Asuh, Landok Lampai
Common Name: Deep-bodied Mojarra, Silver Biddy
Scientific Name: Gerres erythrourus (Bloch, 1791)
Mandarin Name: 胶把 (Jiāo bǎ)
Local Malay Name: Ikan Kapas-kapas, Kekapas, Kapas Laut, Kapas Sungai
Local Hokkien: Ka Pak
Common Name: Longfin Mojarra
Scientific Name: Pentaprion longimanus (Cantor, 1849)
Mandarin Name: 胶把 (Jiāo bǎ)
Local Malay Name: Ikan Kapas, Kapas-kapas, Kekapas, Kapas Kaca
Local Hokkien: Ka Pak
Common Name: Concertina Fish
Scientific Name: Drepane longimana (Bloch & Schneider, 1801)
Mandarin Name: 白曹喜 (Bái cáo xǐ)
Local Malay Name: Ikan Daun Baharu, Bebaru, Baharu-baharu, Daun-baru Belang
Local Hokkien: Cao Xi
Common Name: Spotted Sicklefish
Scientific Name: Drepane punctata (Linnaeus, 1758)
Mandarin Name: 曹喜 (Cáo xǐ)
Local Malay Name: Ikan Daun Baharu, Bebaru, Baharu-baharu, Daun-baru Bintik
Local Hokkien: Cao Xi
Common Name: Redbelly Yellowtail Fusilier
Scientific Name: Caesio cuning (Bloch, 1791)
Mandarin Name: 豆腐鱼 (Dòufu yú)
Local Malay Name: Ikan Delah, Delah Pinang, Bagan, Sulit
Local Hokkien: Tau Hoo
Local Teochew: Tau Hoo
Common Name: Yellow and Blueback Fusilier
Scientific Name: Caesio teres Seale, 1906
Mandarin Name: 豆腐鱼 (Dòufu yú), 蓝黄梅鲷 (Lán huáng méi diāo)
Local Malay Name: Ikan Delah, Delah Remong, Bagan, Sulit
Local Hokkien: Tau Hoo
Local Teochew: Tau Hoo
Common Name: Double-lined Fusilier, Double Stripe Fusilier
Scientific Name: Pterocaesio digramma (Bleeker, 1864)
Mandarin Name: 豆腐鱼 (Dòufu yú), 双带乌尾鮗 (Shuāng dài wū wěi dong), 双带梅鲷 (Shuāng dài méi diāo)
Local Malay Name: Ikan Delah, Pinang-pinang, Sulit Dwijalur
Local Hokkien: Tau Hoo
Local Teochew: Tau Hoo
Common Name: Dark-banded Fusilier
Scientific Name: Pterocaesio tile (Cuvier, 1830)
Mandarin Name: 豆腐鱼 (Dòufu yú), 蒂尔乌尾鮗 (Dì ěr wū wěi dong), 长背梅鲷 (Zhǎng bèi méi diāo)
Local Malay Name: Ikan Delah, Delah Karang, Sulit Jalur Hitam
Local Hokkien: Tau Hoo
Local Teochew: Tau Hoo
Common Name: Doubletooth Soldierfish, Red-fin Squirrelfish
Scientific Name: Myripristis hexagona (Lacepède, 1802)
Mandarin Name: 大眼 (Dà yǎn)
Local Malay Name: Sebekah, Lolong Batu, Lolong-karang Sirip Merah
Common Name: Redcoat, Red striped Squirrelfish
Scientific Name: Sargocentron rubrum (Forsskål, 1775)
Mandarin Name: 大眼 (Dà yǎn)
Local Malay Name: Lolong, Lolong Batu, Sebekah-karang Sirip Hijau
Common Name: Bengal Sergeant
Scientific Name: Abudefduf bengalensis (Bloch, 1787)
Local Malay Name: Ikan Gombing Benggala
Common Name: Sweeper, Bullseye
Scientific Name: Pempheris otaitensis Cuvier, 1831
Local Malay Name: Sepat Laut
Common Name: Buru Glass Perchlet
Scientific Name: Ambassis buruensis Bleeker, 1856
Local Malay Name: Seriding Buru, Pridin
Common Name: Bald Glassy, Naked-head Glassy Perchlet
Scientific Name: Ambassis gymnocephalus (Lacepède, 1802)
Local Malay Name: Seriding Putih, Seriding Botak, Pridin
Common Name: Vachelli's Glass Perchlet, Telkara Perchlet
Scientific Name: Ambassis vachellii Richardson, 1846
Local Malay Name: Seriding, Pridin
Common Name: Four-banded Cardinalfish, Broadbanded Cardinalfish
Scientific Name: Ostorhinchus fasciatus (White, 1790)
Local Malay Name: Sebekah Dwijalur, Sebekah Dua Jalur, Sernangka, Seriding
Common Name: Hookfin Cardinalfish
Scientific Name: Apogon griffin (Seale, 1910)
Local Malay Name: Sebekah Merah, Seriding
Common Name: Reeve's Croaker
Scientific Name: Chrysochir aureus (Richardson, 1846)
Mandarin Name: 黄金鳍口 (Huáng jīn qí kǒu)
Local Malay Name: Gelama China, Gelama Kuning Dada, Gelama Lumpur
Common Name: Goatee Croaker
Scientific Name: Dendrophysa russelii (Cuvier, 1829)
Mandarin Name: 白姑魚 (Bái gū yú), 牛那妈 (Niú nà mā)
Local Malay Name: Gelama Janggut Tanda
Local Hokkien: Gu La MaLocal Teochew: Gu La Ma
Common Name: Belanger's Croaker, Jewfish, Drum
Scientific Name: Johnius belangerii (Cuvier, 1830)
Mandarin Name: 白姑魚 (Bái gū yú), 牛那妈 (Niú nà mā)
Local Malay Name: Gelama Birai, Gelama Panjang, Jarau
Local Hokkien: Gu La Ma
Local Teochew: Gu La Ma
Common Name: Sharpnose Hammer Croaker
Scientific Name: Johnius borneensis (Bleeker, 1851)
Mandarin Name: 白姑魚 (Bái gū yú), 牛那妈 (Niú nà mā)
Local Malay Name: Gelama Batu, Gelama Tukul
Common Name: Coitor Croaker
Scientific Name: Johnius coitor (Hamilton, 1822)
Mandarin Name: 白姑魚 (Bái gū yú), 牛那妈 (Niú nà mā)
Local Malay Name: Gelama Borneo, Gelama Papan
Local Hokkien: Gu La Ma
Local Teochew: Gu La Ma
Common Name: Yellow Croaker
Scientific Name: Larimichthys polyactis (Bleeker, 1877)
Mandarin Name: 小黃魚 (Xiǎohuángyú), 黄花鱼 (Huánghuā yú)
Local Malay Name: Gelama Emas, Gelama Dada Kuning
Remarks: The fish is gold in colour. It is a very rare species in this area that can only be found at the beginning of the Northeast Monsoon season. Most of these fish are caught with eggs.
Common Name: Big-snout Croaker
Scientific Name: Johnius macrorhynus (Lal Mohan, 1976)
Mandarin Name: 牛那妈 (Niú nà mā), 大鼻孔叫姑鱼 (Dà bíkǒng jiào gū yú)
Local Malay Name: Ikan Gelama, Gelama Kepak Kuning
Local Hokkien: Gu La Ma
Local Teochew: Gu La Ma
Common Name: White Flower Croaker, Yellow drum
Scientific Name: Nibea albiflora (Richardson, 1846)
Mandarin Name: 牛那妈 (Niú nà mā), 黃姑魚 (Huáng gū yú)
Local Malay Name: Gelama Bunga
Local Hokkien: Gu La Ma
Local Teochew: Gu La Ma
Common Name: Soldier Croaker
Scientific Name: Nibea soldado (Lacepède, 1802)
Mandarin Name: 牛那妈 (Niú nà mā), 白板 (Bái bǎn)
Local Malay Name: Gelama Papan, Gelama Bongkok
Local Hokkien: Gu La Ma
Local Teochew: Gu La Ma
Common Name: Tigertooth Croaker
Scientific Name: Otolithes ruber (Bloch & Schneider, 1801)
Mandarin Name: 双牙(Shuāng yá)
Local Malay Name: Gelama Gigi Jarang, Gelama Bulat, Tenkerong Panjang
Local Hokkien: Sum Geh
Local Teochew: Sum Geh
Common Name: Bronze Croaker
Scientific Name: Otolithoides biauritus (Cantor, 1849)
Local Malay Name: Gelama Selampai, Tenkerong Merah
Common Name: Pama Croaker, Long-finned Croaker
Scientific Name: Otolithoides pama (Hamilton, 1822)
Local Malay Name: Gelama Selampai, Tengkerong, Selampai Payau
Common Name: Panna Croaker
Scientific Name: Panna microdon (Bleeker, 1849)
Local Malay Name: Ikan Gelama Pisang, Gelama Panjang, Tengkerong, Gelama-panjang Pisang
Common Name: Half-mourning Croaker
Scientific Name: Paranibea semiluctuosa (Cuvier, 1830)
Mandarin Name: 牛那妈 (Niú nà mā), 黑鰭黃姑魚 (Hēi qí huáng gū yú)
Local Malay Name: Gelama Kelam
Local Hokkien: Gu La Ma
Local Teochew: Gu La Ma
Common Name: Bigeye Croaker, Donkey Croaker
Scientific Name: Pennahia anea (Bloch, 1793)
Mandarin Name: 牛那妈 (Niú nà mā), 大眼白姑鱼 (Dà yǎn bái gū yú)
Local Malay Name: Gelama Pisang
Local Hokkien: Gu La Ma
Local Teochew: Gu La Ma
Common Name: Big-head Pennah Croaker
Scientific Name: Pennahia macrocephalus (Tang, 1937)
Mandarin Name: 牛那妈 (Niú nà mā), 大头白姑鱼 (Dà tóu bái gū yú)
Local Malay Name: Gelama Cerua
Local Hokkien: Gu La Ma
Local Teochew: Gu La Ma
Common Name: Terengganu Yellow Croaker, Yellow Croaker
Scientific Name: Pseudolarimichthys terengganui (Seah, Hanafi, Mazlan, & Chao 2015)
Mandarin Name: 小黃魚 (Xiǎohuángyú), 黄花鱼 (Huánghuā yú)
Local Malay Name: Gelama Emas, Gelama Dada Kuning
Remarks: Body gold when fresh. A rare species found in the east coast of Peninsular Malaysia, mostly caught at the beginning of the Northeast Monsoon season. Most of these fish are caught with eggs.
Common Name: Bigmouth croaker
Scientific Name: Pterotolithus lateoides (Bleeker, 1849)
Mandarin Name: 双牙(Shuāng yá)
Local Malay Name: Gelama Gigi Jarang, Jarang-gigi Jarau Putih
Local Hokkien: Sum Geh
Local Teochew: Sum Geh
Common Name: Blotched Tigertooth Croaker, Spotted Jewfish
Scientific Name: Pterotolithus maculatus (Cuvier, 1830)
Local Malay Name: Gelama Jarau Bintik, Gelama Musang
Common Name: Rosy Dwarf Monocle Bream
Scientific Name: Parascolopsis eriomma (Jordan & Richardson, 1909)
Local Malay Name: Ikan Pasir, Mempasir, Mempasir Ros Merah
Common Name: Rainbow Monocle Bream, Monogrammed monocle bream
Scientific Name: Scolopsis monogramma (Cuvier, 1830)
Local Malay Name: Ikan Pasir, Pasir-pasir Jalur Gelap
Local Hokkien: Tua Bak Kor
Common Name: Latice Monocle Bream
Scientific Name: Scolopsis taenioptera (Cuvier, 1830)
Mandarin Name: 红哥里 (Hóng gē lǐ)
Local Malay Name: Kerisi Pasir, Pasir-pasir Mentimun
Local Hokkien: Ang Goh Li
Local Teochew: Ang Nee
Common Name: Whitecheek Monocle Bream
Scientific Name: Scolopsis vosmeri (Bloch, 1792)
Mandarin Name: 白头库 (Bái tóu kù)
Local Malay Name: Puyu Laut
Local Hokkien: Peh Tao Kor, Thik Kak Chia
Common Name: Fork-tailed Threadfin Bream, Rosy Threadfin Bream
Scientific Name: Nemipterus furcosus (Valenciennes, 1830)
Mandarin Name: 红哥里 (Hóng gē lǐ), 红金线鱼 (Hóng jīn xiàn yú)
Local Malay Name: Ikan Kerisi, Kerisi Merah Ros
Local Hokkien: Ang Goh Li
Local Teochew: Ang Nee
Common Name: Japanese Threadfin Bream
Scientific Name: Nemipterus japonicus (Bloch, 1791)
Mandarin Name: 红哥里 (Hóng gē lǐ), 日本金线鱼 (Rìběn jīn xiàn yú)
Local Malay Name: Ikan Kerisi, Kerisi Jepun
Local Hokkien: Ang Goh Li
Local Teochew: Ang Nee
Common Name: Notchedfin Threadfin Bream
Scientific Name: Nemipterus peronii (Valenciennes, 1830)
Mandarin Name: 红哥里 (Hóng gē lǐ), 菲氏金线鱼 (Fēi shì jīn xiàn yú)
Local Malay Name: Ikan Kerisi, Kerisi Merah
Local Hokkien: Ang Goh Li
Local Teochew: Ang Nee
Common Name: White Shouldered Whiptail
Scientific Name: Pentapodus bifasciattus (Bleeker, 1848)
Local Malay Name: Anjang-anjang Dua Jalur
Common Name: Butterfly Whiptail
Scientific Name: Pentapodus setosus (Valenciennes, 1830)
Local Malay Name: Anjang-anjang Monofilamen
Common Name: Blackear Lizardfish
Scientific Name: Synodus hoshinonis Tanaka, 1917
Mandarin Name: 狗母魚 (Gǒu mǔ yú)
Local Malay Name: Ikan Conor, Mengkerong, Ubi, Ubi Pelana
Common Name: Bluntnose Lizardfish, Painted Grinner, Snakefish
Scientific Name: Synodus myops (Forster, 1801)
Mandarin Name: 狗母魚 (Gǒu mǔ yú)
Local Malay Name: Ikan Conor, Mengkerong, Ubi, Pucung
Common Name: Variegated Lizardfish
Scientific Name: Synodus variegatus (Lacepède, 1803)
Mandarin Name: 红斑狗母 (Hóngbān gǒu mǔ), 狗母魚 (Gǒu mǔ yú)
Local Malay Name: Ikan Conor, Mengkarong, Ubi Sisik Pipi
Common Name: Greater Lizardfish
Scientific Name: Saurida tumbil (Bloch, 1795)
Mandarin Name: 狗母魚 (Gǒu mǔ yú)
Local Malay Name: Ikan Conor, Mengkerong, Ubi, Pucung, Conor Curut
Common Name: Tropical Sand Goby
Scientific Name: Acentrogobius caninus (Valenciennes, 1837)
Mandarin Name: 犬牙细棘鰕虎鱼 (Quǎnyá xì jí xiā hǔ yú), 虾虎鱼 (Xiā hǔ yú)
Local Malay Name: Belodok Lobang
Common Name: Tank Goby
Scientific Name: Glossogobius giuris (Hamilton, 1822)
Mandarin Name: 舌鰕虎鱼 (Shé xiā hǔ yú), 虾虎鱼 (Xiā hǔ yú)
Local Malay Name: Belukor, Belungko, Belodok Ubi
Scientific Name: Helotes sexlineatus (Quoy & Gaimard, 1825)
Synonym: Pelates sexlineatus (Quoy and Gaimard, 1824)
Common Name: Six-lined Trumpeter, Sixlined Terapon
Local Malay Name: Kerong Enam Jalur
Common Name: Jarbua Terapon
Scientific Name: Terapon jarbua (Forsskål, 1775)
Mandarin Name: 家隆蛆 (Jiālóng qū), 花身(Huā shēn)
Local Malay Name: Ikan kerong, Mengkerong, Kekerong, Kerong Jalur
Local Hokkien: Keh Long Chi
Common Name: Largescaled Terapon
Scientific Name: Terapon theraps Cuvier, 1829
Mandarin Name: 家隆蛆 (Jiālóng qū), 花身(Huā shēn)
Local Malay Name: Ikan Kerong, Mengkerong, Kekerong, Kerong Batu
Local Hokkien: Keh Long Chi
Common Name: Jones’ Pony Fish
Scientific Name: Eubleekeria jonesi (James, 1971)
Mandarin Name: 格格 (Gégé)
Local Malay Name: Ikan Kikek, Kekek, Kekek Mahkota
Common Name: Splendid Ponyfish
Scientific Name: Eubleekeria splendens (Cuvier, 1829)
Mandarin Name: 格格 (Gégé)
Local Malay Name: Ikan Kikek, Kekek, Kekek Mahkota
Common Name: Shortnose Ponyfish
Scientific Name: Leiognathus brevirostris (Valenciennes, 1835)
Mandarin Name: 格格 (Gégé)
Local Malay Name: Ikan Kikek, Kekek, Kekek Muncung Pendek
Common Name: Common Ponyfish, Greater Ponyfish
Scientific Name: Leiognathus equulus (Forsskål, 1775)
Mandarin Name: 格格 (Gégé)
Local Malay Name: Ikan Kikek, Kekek, Kekek Gedabang
Common Name: Longspine Ponyfish
Scientific Name: Leiognathus longispinis (Valenciennes, 1835)
Mandarin Name: 格格 (Gégé)
Local Malay Name: Ikan Kikek, Kekek, Kekek Dwifilamen
Common Name: Longspine Ponyfish
Scientific Name: Nuchequula longicornis Kimura, Kimura & Ikejima, 2008
Mandarin Name: 格格 (Gégé)
Local Malay Name: Ikan Kikek, Kekek
Common Name: Spotnape Ponyfish
Scientific Name: Nuchequula nuchalis (Temminck & Schlegel, 1845)
Mandarin Name: 格格 (Gégé)
Local Malay Name: Ikan Kikek, Kekek, Kekek Langsat
Common Name: Pugnose ponyfish
Scientific Name: Secutor insidiator (Bloch, 1787)
Mandarin Name: 格格 (Gégé)
Local Malay Name: Ikan Kikek, Kekek, Sekiki Muncung
Common Name: Deep Pugnose Ponyfish
Scientific Name: Secutor ruconius (Hamilton, 1822)
Mandarin Name: 格格 (Gégé)
Local Malay Name: Ikan Kikek, Kekek, Sekiki Bulat
Common Name: Orbfish
Scientific Name: Ephippus orbis (Bloch, 1787)
Mandarin Name: 圆白鲳 (Yuán bái chāng)
Local Malay Name: Ikan Beluru, Daun Baharu, Peluru
Local Hokkien: Pau Cheoh
Common Name: Longfin Batfish
Scientific Name: Platax teira (Forsskål, 1775)
Mandarin Name: 牛屎鲳 (Niú shǐ chāng), 尖翅燕鱼 (Jiān chì yàn yú), 象耳朵 (Xiàng ěrduo)
Local Malay Name: Tudung Periuk, Telinga Gajah
Local Hokkien: Gu Sai Cheoh
Remarks: Adult and young pictures of the same species are shown below.
Common Name: Knightfish
Scientific Name: Proteracanthus sarissophorus (Cantor, 1849)
Local Malay Name: Ikan Kuku, Gendang Batu, Perencang
Local Hokkien: Tongkang
Common Name: Spotted Scat
Scientific Name: Scatophagus argus (Linnaeus, 1766)
Mandarin Name: 金錢魚(Jīn qián yú), 金鼓(Jīn gǔ)
Local Malay Name: Ikan Ketang, Ketang Bunga
Local Hokkien: Kim Kor
Remarks: Venomous spines
Common Name: White-spotted Spinefoot, Rabbit fish
Scientific Name: Siganus canaliculatus (Park, 1797)
Mandarin Name: 白肚鱼 (Bái dù yú), 拜年鱼(Bài nián yú), 长鳍篮子鱼 (Zhǎng qí lánzi yú)
Local Malay Name: Ikan Capok, Dingkis, Dengkis, Ketang Surat
Local Hokkien: Peh Tor, Bai Jia Heurr
Local Teochew: Pek Touw, Bai Jia Hu
Remarks: Venomous spines on the dorsal, anal and pelvic fins. Can cause sharp pain, bleed and numbness.
Common Name: Mottled Spinefoot, Rabbit fish
Scientific Name: Siganus fuscescens (Houttuyn, 1782)
Mandarin Name: 白肚鱼 (Bái dù yú), 拜年鱼(Bài nián yú), 褐篮子鱼 (Hè lánzi yú)
Local Malay Name: Ikan Capok, Dingkis, Dengkis Turus
Local Hokkien: Peh Tor, Bai Jia Heurr
Local Teochew: Pek Touw, Bai Jia Hu
Remarks: Venomous spines on the dorsal, anal and pelvic fins. Can cause sharp pain, bleed and numbness.
Common Name: Streaked Spinefoot, Java Rabbit Fish
Scientific Name: Siganus javus (Linnaeus, 1766)
Mandarin Name: 泥孟 (Ní mèng), 臭肚 (Chòu dù),爪哇篮子鱼 (Zhǎo wā lán zi yú)
Local Malay Name: Ikan Capok,, Dengkis Jawa
Remarks: Venomous spines on the dorsal, anal and pelvic fins. Can cause sharp pain, bleed and numbness.
Common Name: Barhead spinefoot, Two Barred Rabbitfish
Scientific Name: Siganus virgatus (Valenciennes, 1835)
Local Malay Name: Ikan Dengkis, Dengkis Kepala Jalur
Remarks: Venomous spines on the dorsal, anal and pelvic fins. Can cause sharp pain, bleed and numbness.
Common Name: Goldlined Spinefoot
Scientific Name: Siganus guttatus (Bloch, 1787)
Local Malay Name: Ikan Dengkis, Dengkis Tompok Oren
Remarks: Venomous spines on the dorsal, anal and pelvic fins. Can cause sharp pain, bleed and numbness.
Common Name: Unicorn Leatherjacket, Unicorn Filefish
Scientific Name: Aluterus monoceros (Linnaeus, 1758)
Mandarin Name: 鹿仔鱼 (Lùzǐyú), 鸡鱼 (Jī yú), 肉竹 (Ròu zhú)
Local Malay Name: Ikan Barat-barat, Kerosok Padi, Ayam Laut
Local Hokkien: Keh Hu, Bak Teik
Common Name: Fan-bellied Leatherjacket
Scientific Name: Monacanthus chinensis (Isbeck, 1765)
Mandarin Name: 鹿仔鱼 (Lùzǐyú)
Local Malay Name: Ikan Barat-barat, Barat-barat Kipas
Local Hokkien: Thik Phuey, Keh Hu
Common Name: Strap-weed Filefish
Scientific Name: Pseudomonacanthus macrurus (Bleeker, 1857)
Mandarin Name: 鹿仔鱼 (Lùzǐyú)
Local Malay Name: Ikan Barat-barat, Kerosok Rumpair
Local Hokkien: Thik Phuey, Keh Hu
Common Name: Prickly Leatherjacket
Scientific Name: Chaetodermis penicilligerus (Cuvier, 1816)
Mandarin Name: 鹿仔鱼 (Lùzǐyú)
Local Malay Name: Ikan Bagang, Barat-barat Duri
Local Hokkien: Thik Phuey, Keh Hu
Common Name: Silver Tripodfish
Scientific Name: Triacanthus nieuhofi Bleeker, 1852
Local Malay Name: Ikan Lembu Perak, Tunjak Langit, Cagak Langit, Ikan Helicopter
Common Name: Long-tail Tripodfish
Scientific Name: Tripodichthys blochii (Bleeker, 1852)
Local Malay Name: Ikan Lembu Ramping, Tunjak Langit, Cagak Langit, Ikan Helicopter
Common Name: Marine Catfish
Scientific Name: Tachysurus, Arius, Osteogenius sp.
Mandarin Name: 成魚 (Chéng yú), 海鯰 (Hǎi nián)
Local Malay Name: Ikan Duri, Pedukang
Local Hokkien: Sai Seng, Ah Seng
Remarks: Venomous spines at the dorsal and pectoral fins. Handle with care.
Common Name: Whitelipped Eel Catfish
Scientific Name: Paraplotosus albilabris (Valenciennes, 1840)
Mandarin Name: 鳗鲶 (Mán nián),海土虱 (Hǎi tǔ shī), 白唇副鳗鲶 (Bái chún fù mán nián)
Local Malay Name: Ikan Semilang, Semilang Perut Putih
Local Hokkien: Thor Sat
Local Teochew: Thow Sak
Remarks: Very venomous spines at the dorsal and pectoral fins. Be very careful in handling.
Common Name: Black Eel Catfish, Gray Eel-catfish
Scientific Name: Plotosus canius Hamilton, 1822
Mandarin Name: 鳗鲶 (Mán nián), 海土虱(Hǎi tǔ shī), 印度洋鳗鲶 (Yìndùyáng mán nián)
Local Malay Name: Ikan Semilang, Sembilang Gemang
Local Hokkien: Thor Sat
Local Teochew: Thow Sak
Remarks: Very venomous spines at the dorsal and pectoral fins. Be very careful in handling.
Common Name: Striped Eel Catfish
Scientific Name: Plotosus lineatus (Thunberg, 1787)
Mandarin Name: 沙麻 (Shā má), 海土虱(Hǎi tǔ shī), 横纹鳗鲶 (Héng wén mán nián)
Local Malay Name: Sembilang Karang, Usat, Sembilang batu, Kelara, Gemang
Local Hokkien: Sua Mua
Remarks: Very venomous spines at the dorsal and pectoral fins. Be very careful in handling.
Common Name: Yellow Pike Conger
Scientific Name: Congresox talabon (Cuvier, 1829)
Mandarin Name: 海鳗 (Hǎi mán), 原鹤海鳗 (Yuán hè hǎi mán), 鳗仔 (Mán zǐ)
Local Malay Name: Ikan Malong, Ketingkor, Indung, Malung, Nong, Malong Kuning
Local Hokkien: Mua Hu, Mua Kia
Remarks: Pectoral fins well developed and relatively large, their length about 2.5 to 3 times in length of head. Very large mouth and sharp teeth. Be very careful in handling.
Common Name: Indian Pike Conger
Scientific Name: Congresox talabonoides (Bleeker, 1853)
Mandarin Name: 海鳗 (Hǎi mán), 褐海鳗 (Hè hǎi mán), 印度原鹤海鳗 (Yìndù yuán hè hǎi mán)
Local Malay Name: Ikan Malong, Ketingkor, Indung, Malung, Nong, Malong India
Local Hokkien: Mua Hu
Remarks: Pectoral fins relatively small, their length at least 4 times in length of head. Very large mouth and sharp teeth. Be very careful in handling.
Common Name: Common Pike Conger, Common Pike Eel, Silver Eel
Scientific Name: Muraenesox bagio (Hamilton, 1822)
Mandarin Name: 海鳗 (Hǎi mán), 褐海鳗 (Hè hǎi mán), 百吉海鳗 (Bǎi jí hǎi mán)
Local Malay Name: Ikan Malong, Ketingkor, Indung, Malung, Nong, Malong Biasa
Local Hokkien: Mua Hu
Remarks: Very large mouth and sharp teeth. Be very careful in handling.
Common Name: Daggertooth Pike Conger, Darkfin pike eel, Silver Conger Eel
Scientific Name: Muraenesox cinereus (Forsskål, 1775)
Mandarin Name: 海鳗 (Hǎi mán), 虎鳗 (Hǔ mán), 灰海鳗 (Huī hǎi mán)
Local Malay Name: Ikan Malong, Ketingkor, Indung, Malung, Nong, Malong Perak
Local Hokkien: Mua Hu
Remarks: Very large mouth and sharp teeth. Be very careful in handling.
Common Name: Crocodile Flathead
Scientific Name: Cociella crocodilus (Cuvier, 1829)
Mandarin Name: 牛尾 (Niúwěi), 正颚鲬 (Zhèng è yǒng)
Local Malay Name: Ikan Bebaji, Baji-baji, Baji Buaya
Common Name: Fringe-eyed Flathead
Scientific Name: Cymbacephalus nematophthalmus (Günther, 1860)
Mandarin Name: 牛尾 (Niúwěi), 线眼乳突鯒 (Xiàn yǎn rǔ tú yǒng)
Local Malay Name: Ikan Bebaji, Baji-baji, Kumba Buaya
Common Name: Bartail Flathead
Scientific Name: Platycephalus indicus (Linnaeus, 1758)
Mandarin Name: 牛尾 (Niúwěi), 印度牛尾鱼 (Yìndù niúwěi yú)
Local Malay Name: Ikan Bebaji, Baji-baji, Baji Ekor Jalur
Common Name: Singapore Toadfish, Reticulated Toadfish
Scientific Name: Allenbatrachus reticulatus (Steindachner, 1870)
Local Malay Name: Ikan Gedempu
Local Hokkien: Or Hu
Remarks: Very strong jaw. The fish is caught in the Straits of Johor.
Common Name: Three-spined Frogfish
Scientific Name: Batrachomoeus trispinosus (Günther, 1861)
Local Malay Name: Ikan Gedempu, Gedempu Duri
Local Hokkien: Or Hu
Remarks: Very strong jaw.
Common Name: Bluering Angelfish
Scientific Name: Pomacanthus annularis (Bloch, 1787)
Mandarin Name: 蓝环神仙鱼 (Lán huán shénxiān yú), 蓝环盖刺鱼 (Lán huán gài cì yú)
Local Malay Name: Taring Pelanduk Cincin Biru, Ikan Toshiba, Ikan Babi
Common Name: Copperband Butterflyfish, Beaked Butterflyfish
Scientific Name: Chelmon rostratus (Linnaeus, 1758)
Mandarin Name: 长吻钻嘴鱼 (Zhǎng wěn zuān zuǐ yú), 铜斑蝴蝶鱼 (Tóng bān húdié yú)
Local Malay Name: Keper Sumpit, Bagang, Pipit
Common Name: Sixspine Butterflyfish, Ocellated Coralfish
Scientific Name: Parachaetodon ocellatus (Cuvier, 1831)
Mandarin Name: 副蝴蝶鱼 (Fù hú dié yú)
Local Malay Name: Keper Laut, Bagang, Bendera, Pancang Bendera
Notes:
ISSCAAP = International Standard Statistical Classification of Aquatic Animals and Plants
D = Demersal finfishes
Demersal fishes lives in greater depth of oceans. They are also called bottom feeders.
P = Pelagic finfishes
Pelagic fishes are found mostly at shallow depths and their availability decreases with depth as food material and oxygen became scarce.
sp. = Species
spp. = Several Species (Species Plural)